How To Add Double Quotes To Values Inside String In C#

The figurer keyboard has characters printed on them. When yous printing a key, you come across the grapheme on the screen. Notation: space is also a grapheme. A string literal is a sequence of characters. This commodity explains how to use C++ string literals. You should know about C++ arrays and pointers to understand this article.

Graphic symbol Literal

A character literal is a character in single quotes. And so,

char ident1 = 'A' ; char ident2 = 'b' ; char ident3 = '4' ; char ident4 = '6' ;

are all different definitions of characters. Note that a digit in single quotes is a character and not an integer.

An escape sequence such equally \" (see below) in unmarried quotes, is a character. Then,

is a character.

A single symbol in double-quotes is not a character; it is a cord of i character. So "A" or "c" or "2" is not a graphic symbol just is a string of ane graphic symbol each.

The variable of a char tin exist reassigned, later down in the plan, as follows:

char ident = 'x' ;
ident = 'Y' ;

To stop a character assigned to an identifier from being changed, afterward downwards in the program, precede the definition with the reserved give-and-take, const, as follows:

The variable, ident is said to be read-only.

String Literal

A string literal is a sequence of characters in double quotes. So,

char ident1[ ] = "I love you lot" ; char ident2[ ] = "I hate 3 of you lot" ; char ident3[ ]
= "nosotros are the earth" ; char ident4[ ] = "Hello Earth!" ;

are all different definitions of string literals. Note the use of double-quotes. There is nothing similar an ordinary variable for a cord. A string literal is an array of chars, where instead of delimiting with {}, the sequence is delimited with "". The chars are not separated by commas. Any number greater than the number of chars in the string literal can be placed in the square brackets. Even so, it is meliorate to exit the square brackets empty.

A single character in double-quotes is not a graphic symbol; information technology is a cord of one character. So "A" or "c" or "2" is not a character, but a string of ane character each.

A string variable does not let re-assignment of the complete literal, afterward down in the program – run into below. Notwithstanding, individual characters tin can be re-assigned – see beneath.

Unmarried and Double Quote in Graphic symbol or Literal

To have a single quote equally a grapheme, practise something like,

To have a double quote equally a graphic symbol in a string literal, do something like,

The backslash is used in an escape sequence, to avoid conflict with delimiters. To have a double quote equally a character, in that location is no need for the backslash: '"' is alright. To have a single quote in a cord literal, in that location is no demand for the backslash:"ab'cd" is alright.

Since the backslash is used to escape a character, it has to be escaped with some other backslash when used as a graphic symbol or in a string literal.

Escape Sequence

An escape sequence is one of:

\' " \? \\ \a \b \f \n \r >\t \v

Each escape sequence is normally typed either as a graphic symbol within single quotes or as an escape sequence within double-quotes.

\' : is used as a unmarried quote grapheme, within single quotes.
\" : is used as a double quote grapheme, within a literal.
\? : since ? is a reserved character, it should exist escaped in a literal.
\\ : the backslash should be escaped as a character or in a string literal, so as not to result in some other meaning.
\a : sounds an alarm bell one time, when used as a character or within a cord literal.
\b : results equally a backspace in the display within a string literal, taking off the previous graphic symbol.
\f : causes the side by side page to be fed to the printer when used as a character or within a literal.
\r : returns the cursor, where the next character is to be printed, but within the electric current line.
\n : returns the cursor to the offset of the next line or only to the next line, depending on the operating system.
\t : creates a horizontal tab.
\five : creates a vertical tab.

Operations with Characters

Concatenation

At definition, 2 string literals tin can exist joined with space as follows:

char ident[ ] = "abc" "def" ;
cout << ident << "\north" ;

The output is: abcdef . This definition tin can exist extended to more than two literals. Note: the statement is a definition, not simply an assignment. The definition can even continue to the side by side line with space separating the lines as follows:

char ident[ ] = "abc" "def"
"ghi" ;
cout << ident << "\n" ;

The output is, abcdefghi.

Note: Characters cannot be concatenated in this way, every bit the single quotes for the character cannot have more than i symbol.

Equality Operators

Same characters at the aforementioned example are equal. They are not equal if they are non of the same case. Consider,

bool result = 'B' == 'B' ;
cout << effect << "\n" ;

== means equals, while = ways assigned-to and not equals. The output is ane for true. Consider,

bool consequence = 'B' == 'b' ;
cout << upshot << "\n" ;

The output is 0 for simulated. Consider,

bool result = 'b' == 'c' ;
cout << result << "\n" ;

The output is 0 for fake. Consider,

bool result = 'B' != 'B' ;
cout << consequence << "\n" ;

!= means non-equal, while = ways assigned-to and not not-equal. The output is 0 for false. Consider,

bool consequence = 'B' != 'b' ;
cout << result << "\n" ;

The output is one for truthful. Consider,

bool event = 'b' != 'c' ;
cout << result << "\due north" ;

The output is 1 for true.

So, == and != are equality operators.

Relational Operators

For ordinary characters in C++, in ascending order, numbers come up before uppercase letters, which come before lowercase messages.

So < will return true (1) when the left character is less than the right grapheme. The other relational operators, <=, >, >= are similarly explained.

The Cord Literal as an Object

The assortment is a constant arrow to the commencement of a detail data blazon sequence. Similarly, the string is a constant pointer to the kickoff of a grapheme sequence. Compare the following definitions:

int arr[ ] = { 3 , 4 , v , half-dozen , seven } ;
char str[ ] = { 'w' , 'o' , 'grand' , 'a' , 'north' } ;
char stri[ ] = "woman" ;

The beginning assortment is an array of ints and has five elements. The second and third arrays are arrays of chars with dissimilar names, but the same number of elements. The 2nd and third arrays are the aforementioned, but for their names. The text content of the second array is delimited by braces; the characters are separated by commas and each grapheme is in single quotes. The text content of the 3rd array is delimited by double quotes; the characters are not separated by commas and each character is not in unmarried quotes. The second and 3rd arrays are two ways of producing a cord, with the third way beingness the better manner.

arr is a constant arrow to the first element of its array, meaning arr will always point to the location having the integer, 3 fifty-fifty if the value of 3 is changed. The size of the assortment, five elements, does non really remain constant. Withal, each of the values of the assortment can be inverse.

str is a abiding pointer to the outset element of its array, significant str will always point to the location having the graphic symbol, 'due west' fifty-fifty if the value of 'westward' is inverse. The size of the character assortment, five elements, does not really remain abiding. Nevertheless, each of the values of the literal can exist inverse.

stri is a abiding pointer to the first element of its literal (array), meaning stri will e'er betoken to the location having the graphic symbol, w fifty-fifty if the value of west is changed. The size of the cord literal (array), five elements, does non really remain constant. However, each of the values of the literal can be modified.

What is constant in an array or cord literal? The retention address of the commencement element of the array or literal remains equally the value of the name (identifier) of the array or literal, and cannot exist changed. Well, the size of the array or literal does not really remain abiding. Each value in the array or literal can exist changed. The following code shows how the fourth element of each of the arrays has been changed:

int arr[ ] = { iii , 4 , five , 6 , 7 } ;
char str[ ] = { 'w' , 'o' , '1000' , 'a' , 'n' } ;
char stri[ ] = "woman" ;

arr[ three ] = ix ;
str[ iii ] = 'e' ;
stri[ iii ] = 'e' ;

cout << arr[ 3 ] << '\n' ;
cout << str << '\n' ;
cout << stri << '\due north' ;

The output is:

Note that the elements of a defined string literal, like for the third definition above, can be accessed with the array index (subscript). The reason for the second line of the output is given below.

Definition Subscript

Note that in the higher up definitions, in that location is no integer for subscript. When the number of elements cannot be hands determined, past the programmer, the integer for the subscript should exist omitted. Whatever is the case, the integer should not exist less than the number of elements in the array.

For the cord literal, the integer should be at least 1 higher than the number of characters in the cord. This is considering the nix character (\0) is e'er added by the compiler, at the end of an array that is a string, delimited by double-quotes. The zip character is not added at the end of the 2d array above, because information technology is not an official string. The tertiary assortment is an official string. The following code shows the minimum subscript values.

int arr[ 5 ] = { 3 , 4 , five , half-dozen , 7 } ;
char str[ 5 ] = { 'w' , 'o' , 'yard' , 'a' , 'n' } ;
char stri[ half-dozen ] = "woman" ;

In social club to make the second definition an official cord, the null graphic symbol has to be added every bit follows:

int arr[ 5 ] = { iii , iv , 5 , 6 , seven } ;
char str[ 6 ] = { 'due west' , 'o' , 'm' , 'a' , 'n' , '\0' } ;
char stri[ 6 ] = "adult female" ;

The output should now exist,

without the 2d "women". Note that the corresponding subscript for the second array is 6, and non 5 as information technology was.

Constant Literal Values

To stop any character in the double quotes assigned to an identifier from existence modified, later downward in the programme, precede the definition with the reserved give-and-take, const, as follows:

const char ident[ ] = "I dearest you" ;

Operations with Cord Literals

Equality Operations

The equality operators are == and != . When variables (identifiers) of two strings are compared, it is the pointers (addresses) of the literals that cease upward being compared; that is incorrect. To compare strings, the literals have to be compared, as in the following lawmaking:

bool result = "woman" == "woman" ;
cout << result << '\n' ;

The output is 1 for true. The comparing is done in the dictionary fashion, just with numbers coming first in ascending social club, earlier uppercase letters, which come up before lowercase messages. The output of the following code is 0, for false.

bool consequence = "woman" != "woman" ;
cout << issue << '\n' ;

Relational Operators with Cord Literals

Relational operators practise not work with cord literals.

Raw String Literal

A raw string literal, allows a string to be displayed every bit typed, ignoring escape sequences and respecting newlines. Consider the following code:

char str[ ] = R"(abc\\d efg hij
klmn \n " ' opq
rst)";
cout << str << '\n';

The output is:

abc\\d efg hij
klmn \n " ' opq
rst

In the lawmaking, the raw string literal begins with R, followed by " and ( . It ends with ) and ".

C++ Principal Cord Literal Types

char

The char type is the original C++ type and would typically store a character in 8 bits.

char16_t

This stores a character in 16 bits.

char32_t

This stores a character in 32 bits.

wchar_t

char16_t and char32_t are wide characters. wchar_t is a broad-character that is proprietary and implementation-defined.

Conclusion

A grapheme literal is a single character in single quotes. An escape sequence is a character that tin as well be in single quotes. A string literal is a sequence of characters in double-quotes. A string literal is an array of characters that end with \0. The equality and relational operators work with character literals. The equality operators work with string literals, but the relational operators do not work with string literals. Grapheme identifiers can be used in comparisons, but string identifiers should non be used in comparisons. A raw string literal allows a string to be displayed as typed, ignoring the escape sequences and respecting newlines.

Chrys

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